Before the beginning of construction works it is necessary to collect the information about characteristics of a ground of that place where house building will be carried out. If the official data is absent, do all necessary checks without by yourself. To carry out this work it is necessary to dig a pit 2 meters deep and to define a condition of ground waters and frost depth for a ground.
If ground waters are deep enough (more than 2 m below the ground level) such ground is called dry. The sandy foundation is necessary for similar ground.
The sole of the foundation in dry soil should be established on depth 80-90 cm . Then it is necessary to fill a bottom of a trench with sand in several layers (each layer is 10-15 cm thick). Thus each layer should be watered. Then concrete is allocated in a timbering, and the top of the foundation should be established on a mark of 50 cm from earth level. Then the top of the foundation is accurately leveled by a sand-cement mixture. Waterproof the top of foundation with appropriate material.
If level of ground waters is considerably below the frost depth of a ground but less than 2 m deep than the foundation should be 1 m deep in sandy and loamy soils.
If the depth of frigidness of a ground coincides with level of ground waters in that case process of installation of the foundation will be more difficult and labor-consuming. At such a case the foundation laying should be de below the frigidness depth 40 cm . For reduction of expenses and materials a sandy pillow may be applied.
The bases on a sandy pillow, as a rule, are used under following circumstances:
— For replacement of soil in the basis;
— For economy of building materials;
— For lifting of the floor level over the level of ground waters.
Before their installation it is necessary to fill a hole with coarse-grained sand in a layer of about 20 cm . After that sand pillow should be well watered and properly stamped. In the presence of strongly flooded ground it is necessary to make a drainage, otherwise there can be a silting of sandy pillows.
After timbering removal, by means of hot bitumen it is necessary to finish the foundation walls in order to avoid increase in coupling of walls during the winter period.
